{"id":1827,"date":"2022-06-16T06:28:14","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T04:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/?p=1827"},"modified":"2022-06-17T12:19:17","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T10:19:17","slug":"wywiad-z-charlesem-castronovo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/?p=1827","title":{"rendered":"Wywiad z Charlesem Castronovo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gra\u0142 pan w Fau\u015bcie<\/i> i w Opowie\u015bciach Hoffmanna<\/i>, by\u0142 pan Romeo w Romeo i Julii<\/i><\/b><\/span> <\/b>Gounoda, Nadirem w Po\u0142awiaczach pere\u0142<\/i> Bizeta i Don Jos\u00e9 w Carmen<\/i>, wreszcie<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Kawalerem des Grieux w Manon<\/i> Masseneta. W czym tkwi duch opery francuskiej?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Francuskie role dla tenorowych \u015bpiewak\u00f3w wyr\u00f3\u017cnia to, \u017ce zazwyczaj tassitura jest <\/span>troch\u0119 wy\u017csza. Wyj\u0105tkowa pod tym wzgl\u0119dem jest partia Don Jos\u00e9 w Carmen \u2014 <\/i>tam dominuj\u0105ca skala g\u0142osu jest troch\u0119 ni\u017csza. Repertuar francuski jest wyzwaniem dla <\/span>tenor\u00f3w \u2014 to mieszanka czystego liryzmu i dramatyzmu, przy czym niezwykle wa\u017cne jest zachowanie elegancji. Liryczne sekcje pianissimo przeplataj\u0105 si\u0119 z dramatycznymi. Opera mo\u017ce by\u0107 dramatyczna, emocjonalna, nami\u0119tna, wra\u017cliwa, ale opera francuska zawsze b\u0119dzie elegancka \u2014 nawet przy najwi\u0119kszym nat\u0119\u017ceniu nami\u0119tno\u015bci nie znajdziemy w niej weryzmu.<\/p>\n

Historia zwi\u0105zku Kawalera des Grieux i Manon to nie tylko opowie\u015b\u0107 o tragicznej mi\u0142o\u015bci. Bohaterowie s\u0105 uwik\u0142ani w konwenanse, wpadaj\u0105 w moralne pu\u0142apki, wchodz\u0105 na drogi, kt\u00f3rych by\u0107 mo\u017ce nigdy by nie wybrali, gdyby mieli lepsz\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 materialn\u0105\u2026 Jak pan interpretuje t\u0119 histori\u0119?<\/b><\/p>\n

Manon i des Grieux s\u0105 ofiarami swoich czas\u00f3w. Nie maj\u0105 tylu praw i mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, kt\u00f3rymi dysponuje wsp\u00f3\u0142czesny cz\u0142owiek, kt\u00f3ry w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci rozwini\u0119tych pa\u0144stw ma prawo wyboru r\u00f3\u017cnych \u015bcie\u017cek \u017cycia. W przypadku Manon znaczenie ma te\u017c jej charakter i tu czasy nie maj\u0105 wp\u0142ywu. Ta bohaterka jest materialistk\u0105; pragnie ekscytacji, adrenaliny, po\u015bpiechu, chce pr\u00f3bowa\u0107 nowych rzeczy. Jest zmienna i w nic nie anga\u017cuje si\u0119 do ko\u0144ca. Nawet je\u017celi kocha des Grieux, to jest na tyle kapry\u015bna, \u017ce nie trwa przy nim d\u0142ugo, a potem jest ju\u017c za p\u00f3\u017ano\u2026 A des Grieux, wydaje si\u0119 nie by\u0107 typowym m\u0142odym m\u0119\u017cczyzn\u0105. Jest bardzo oddany Manon \u2014 robi dla niej naprawd\u0119 szalone rzeczy. <\/span>My\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce w dzisiejszych czasach zosta\u0142by nazwany zaprzeczeniem samca alfa. Podejmuje najgorsze decyzje, byleby tylko by\u0107 z Manon \u2014 uwa\u017cam to za b\u0142\u0105d. Doceniam jego mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 i oddanie, jednak on zapomina o sobie. Gdyby \u017cy\u0142 wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie m\u00f3g\u0142by opu\u015bci\u0107 t\u0119 kobiet\u0119, m\u00f3wi\u0105c: \u201eBardzo dzi\u0119kuj\u0119, ale nie chc\u0119 mie\u0107 z tym wszystkim nic wsp\u00f3lnego\u201d \u2014 przecie\u017c ona mia\u0142a na niego z\u0142y wp\u0142yw! Des Grieux nie za\u017cy\u0142 w por\u0119 tzw. czerwonej pigu\u0142ki, by m\u00f3c si\u0119 obudzi\u0107 i zrozumie\u0107, \u017ce nie powinien po\u015bwi\u0119ca\u0107 si\u0119 dla kobiety takiej jak Manon.<\/p>\n

Wynika z tego, \u017ce mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 mo\u017ce by\u0107 naprawd\u0119 destrukcyjn\u0105 si\u0142\u0105.<\/b><\/p>\n

Tak, absolutnie tak uwa\u017cam. Mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 des Grieux do Manon gubi go \u2014 on tak naprawd\u0119 niszczy samego siebie, mo\u017cliwe jego wybory negatywnie wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 na jego rodzin\u0119, cho\u0107 nie s\u0105dz\u0119 by by\u0142 z\u0142\u0105 osob\u0105. Manon zna jego s\u0142abo\u015bci, wie \u017ce jest wierny i wykorzystuje to, aby sprawowa\u0107 nad nim w\u0142adz\u0119 w destrukcyjny spos\u00f3b.<\/p>\n

Czy \u0142atwo odczu\u0107 empati\u0119 do takiej postaci jak des Grieux?<\/b><\/p>\n

Wsp\u00f3\u0142czuj\u0119 mu. Wbrew sobie i pomimo w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci stara si\u0119 s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 Manon. Nie tylko chce by\u0107 z ni\u0105 fizycznie i emocjonalnie, ale chce te\u017c zapewni\u0107 j\u0105 o swoim uczuciu i robi wszystko, co w swojej mocy, by by\u0142a szcz\u0119\u015bliwa. Ta sytuacja jest dla niego ogromnym ci\u0119\u017carem \u2014 by\u0142by znacznie szcz\u0119\u015bliwszy, gdyby ich \u017cycie by\u0142o prostsze: pozbawione zbytk\u00f3w, gdyby \u017cyli w niewielkim mieszkaniu i sp\u0119dzali czas na wsp\u00f3lnych posi\u0142kach i spacerach. Taki model zwi\u0105zku przyni\u00f3s\u0142by mu najwi\u0119kszy pok\u00f3j serca. My\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce <\/span>wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 m\u0119\u017cczyzn rozumie, co mam na my\u015bli: w pewnym wieku to, czego naprawd\u0119 chcesz, to po prostu spok\u00f3j. Porywy nami\u0119tno\u015bci ju\u017c nie s\u0105 najwa\u017cniejsze, a bardziej <\/span>liczy si\u0119 poczucie bezpiecze\u0144stwa, mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107, wsparcie, po prostu wsp\u00f3lne \u017cycie. To jedna z najlepszych rzeczy, kt\u00f3ra mo\u017ce si\u0119 przytrafi\u0107. Ale doceniam oddanie des Grieux, <\/span>powiedzia\u0142bym nawet, \u017ce je rozumiem. Cz\u0119sto nasze w\u0142asne szcz\u0119\u015bcie zale\u017cy od troski<\/span> o innych ludzi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Wyst\u0119powa\u0142 pan ju\u017c w roli Kawalera des Grieux \u2014 czy dostrzega pan ewolucj\u0119 tej postaci w swojej interpretacji?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Oko\u0142o 10 lat temu debiutowa\u0142em w tej roli roli w Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Capitole w Tuluzie, a partnerowa\u0142a mi niesamowita \u015bpiewaczka Natalie Dessay, kt\u00f3ra przechodzi\u0142a w\u00f3wczas na emerytur\u0119. To by\u0142a jej ostatnia Manon, w\u0142a\u015bciwie ostatnia rola operowa. Mieli\u015bmy do\u015b\u0107 d\u0142ugi okres pr\u00f3b, za\u015bpiewali\u015bmy wsp\u00f3lnie sze\u015b\u0107 spektakli, kt\u00f3re okaza\u0142y si\u0119 ogromnym sukcesem. Ci\u0119\u017cko pracowa\u0142em nad t\u0105 rol\u0105 i oczywi\u015bcie nad moim francuskim \u2014 chcia\u0142em, by by\u0142 doskona\u0142y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Przyznam, \u017ce po tylu latach i \u015bpiewaniu tylu rodzaj\u00f3w r\u00f3l, wci\u0105\u017c si\u0119 ucz\u0119. Co wi\u0119cej, dozna\u0142em te\u017c swojego rodzaju ol\u015bnienia. Powiedzia\u0142em sobie: \u201eNa tym etapie \u017cycia potrzebujesz zar\u00f3wno m\u0142odzie\u0144czego liryzmu, elegancji, jak i dojrza\u0142o\u015bci\u201d. <\/i>S\u0142ycha\u0107 j\u0105 ju\u017c dzisiaj w moim g\u0142osie i dzi\u0119ki temu mog\u0119 sprawniej uchwyci\u0107 niekt\u00f3re z tych <\/span>wa\u017cniejszych moment\u00f3w tego dzie\u0142a, nada\u0107 roli o wiele wi\u0119cej g\u0142\u0119bi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Wychowa\u0142 si\u0119 pan w po\u0142udniowej Kalifornii. Pana ojciec jest Sycylijczykiem, <\/b><\/span>matka pochodzi z Ekwadoru. W jakim stopniu pa\u0144skie pochodzenie wp\u0142ywa na podej\u015bcie do muzyki?<\/b><\/p>\n

Moi rodzice przyjechali do Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych w odst\u0119pie zaledwie kilku lat. Ojciec mia\u0142 mo\u017ce 16 lat, tak samo moja matka. Poznali si\u0119 i pobrali w Nowym Jorku, tam <\/span>te\u017c si\u0119 urodzi\u0142em, jednak po kilku latach przenie\u015bli\u015bmy si\u0119 do Kalifornii. Genetyczna t\u0119sknota za ciep\u0142ymi krajami nie pozwoli\u0142a wytrwa\u0107 wielu mro\u017anych nowojorskich zim. Co ciekawe, w mojej rodzinie w og\u00f3le nie ma muzyk\u00f3w. Mam wprawdzie dalekiego <\/span>kuzyna, kt\u00f3ry gra\u0142 na skrzypcach, ale to wszystko. M\u00f3j ojciec cz\u0119sto opowiada\u0142 histori\u0119 o moim dziadku, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 trzy c\u00f3rki i jednego syna, i zawsze pyta\u0142: <\/i>\u201eDlaczego nie mam w rodzinie jednego piosenkarza? Nawet jednego? Kocham muzyk\u0119 i \u015bpiewanie! Dlaczego nikt z was nie \u015bpiewa?\u201d <\/i>Niestety zmar\u0142, zanim doros\u0142em na tyle, by rozpocz\u0105\u0107 karier\u0119, mam wi\u0119c nadziej\u0119, \u017ce us\u0142ysza\u0142 mnie z innego miejsca, gdziekolwiek <\/span>teraz jest. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie moja babcia kilka razy s\u0142ysza\u0142a, jak \u015bpiewam w Metropolitan Opera. Ze strony rodziny mojej mamy r\u00f3wnie\u017c nie ma \u017cadnych muzyk\u00f3w, wi\u0119c ca\u0142a <\/span>moja muzyczna przygoda by\u0142a jedn\u0105 wielk\u0105 eksploracj\u0105, odkrywaniem siebie. Odk\u0105d by\u0142em dzieckiem wyst\u0119powa\u0142em, ta\u0144czy\u0142em \u2014 jako nastolatek gra\u0142em w zespole rockowym, uwielbia\u0142em \u015bpiewa\u0107. Kiedy odkry\u0142em oper\u0119, okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce m\u00f3j g\u0142os naturalnie si\u0119 w niej <\/span>odnajduje \u2014 podobnie mia\u0142em z innym gatunkiem muzycznym \u2014 z rock\u2019n\u2019rollem, nadal <\/span>go kocham! W muzyce i \u015bpiewaniu kieruj\u0119 si\u0119 instynktem, czerpi\u0119 z tego co jest we mnie, mo\u017ce to przeznaczenie.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Wr\u00f3\u0107my na chwil\u0119 do Francji. Czy w pana przypadku j\u0119zyk, w kt\u00f3rym pan \u015bpiewa wp\u0142ywa na trudno\u015b\u0107 roli?<\/b><\/p>\n

Uwa\u017cam, \u017ce j\u0119zyk ma bezpo\u015bredni wp\u0142yw na podej\u015bcie do \u015bpiewu. Niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce to nie ma znaczenia, \u017ce nadal \u015bpiewasz tak samo, co jest w zasadzie prawd\u0105, ale s\u0105 du\u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnice np. mi\u0119dzy j\u0119zykiem w\u0142oskim, francuskim i niemieckim. Francuski by\u0142 dla mnie zawsze naj\u0142atwiejszym j\u0119zykiem do \u015bpiewania i bardzo zale\u017ca\u0142o mi na poprawno\u015bci,<\/span> poniewa\u017c \u015bpiewa\u0142em bardzo du\u017co francuskiego repertuaru. Wiele razy te\u017c \u015bpiewa\u0142em we Francji i wielokrotnie s\u0142ysza\u0142em od wsp\u00f3\u0142pracownik\u00f3w, recenzent\u00f3w i re\u017cyser\u00f3w, \u017ce m\u00f3j francuski jest doskona\u0142y. Ten j\u0119zyk jest dla mnie troch\u0119 bardziej subtelny ni\u017c inne i nie jest tak trudny w wymowie jak np. w\u0142oski.<\/p>\n

To nie jest pana pierwszy wyst\u0119p w Operze Wroc\u0142awskiej, czy lubi pan tu wraca\u0107?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Uwielbiam Wroc\u0142aw. Mia\u0142em okazj\u0119 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 tu na kilku koncertach galowych, <\/span>a tak\u017ce w Opowie\u015bciach Hoffmanna<\/i> \u2014 bardzo podoba\u0142a mi si\u0119 ta produkcja. Rola by\u0142a bardzo wymagaj\u0105ca, r\u00f3wnie\u017c po francusku, niemniej \u015bwietnie si\u0119 bawi\u0142em. Jako\u015b\u0107 produkcji i praca \u015bpiewak\u00f3w by\u0142y na bardzo wysokim poziomie, m.in. dzi\u0119ki dyrektorowi artystycznemu. Mariusz Kwiecie\u0144 i ja uczyli\u015bmy si\u0119 razem w Lindemann Young Artists Development Program w Metropolitan Opera. By\u0142 on pierwszym polskim \u015bpiewakiem, jakiego pozna\u0142em \u2014 bardzo utalentowanym. Czas wsp\u00f3lnej nauki wspominam wspaniale<\/span>
\ni do dzi\u015b pozostajemy dobrymi przyjaci\u00f3\u0142mi, a znamy si\u0119 od ponad 20 lat! Oczywistym by\u0142o dla mnie przyj\u0105\u0107 propozycj\u0119 wyst\u0119pu na deskach Opery Wroc\u0142awskiej. \u015awietny teatr, bardzo dobra akustyka, a sam Wroc\u0142aw jest naprawd\u0119 urokliwy i macie tu \u015bwietne jedzenie\u2026 Opera Wroc\u0142awska ma te\u017c doskona\u0142\u0105 kubatur\u0119, mo\u017cna zagra\u0107 bardzo szczeg\u00f3\u0142owo, a ludzie to zauwa\u017c\u0105. Czujesz, \u017ce mo\u017cesz zaryzykowa\u0107 i za\u015bpiewa\u0107 naprawd\u0119 pianissimo, <\/span>a gdy jest taka potrzeba da\u0107 z siebie pe\u0142n\u0105 moc g\u0142osu. To naprawd\u0119 komfortowe miejsce \u2014 \u015bwietne do wypr\u00f3bowania nowych r\u00f3l, jestem tu zrelaksowany, spokojny <\/span>i pewny siebie. Wracam tu z przyjemno\u015bci\u0105!<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozmawia\u0142a: Katarzyna Aszkie\u0142owicz<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

You played in Faust and in Tales of Hoffmann<\/i>. You were Romeo in Gounod\u2019s Romeo <\/i><\/b><\/span>and Juliet<\/i>, Nadir in Bizet\u2019s Pearl Catchers<\/i> and Don Jos\u00e9 in Carmen<\/i> and, finally, <\/b>the Chevalier des Grieux in Massenet\u2019s Manon<\/i>. What is the spirit of French opera?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

French roles for tenor singers are distinguished by the fact that the tessitura is usually a little higher. The part of Don Jos\u00e9 in Carmen <\/i>is exceptional in this respect \u2014 <\/i><\/span>there, the dominant voice scale is a little lower. The French repertoire is a challenge for tenors \u2014 it is a mixture of pure lyricism and drama, with elegance being extremely important. Lyrical pianissimo sections alternate with the dramatic ones. Opera can be dramatic, emotional, passionate, and sensitive. However, French opera will always be elegant \u2014 even with the highest level of passion, you will not find verismo.<\/p>\n

The story of the relationship between the Chevalier des Grieux and Manon is not just a tale of tragic love. The characters are entangled in conventions, fall into moral traps and embark on paths they might never have chosen if they were better off materially\u2026 How do you interpret this story?<\/b><\/p>\n

Manon and des Grieux are victims of their time. They do not have as many rights and opportunities available to modern humans, who \u2014 in most developed countries \u2014 have the right to choose different paths in life. In the case of Manon, her character also matters and, here, times have no impact. This character is a materialist; she craves excitement, adrenaline, and rush; she wants to try new things. She is volatile and does not <\/span>fully commit to anything. Even if she loves des Grieux, she is capricious enough that she does not last long with him and then it is too late\u2026 Moreover, des Grieux, it seems, is not a typical young man. He is very devoted to Manon \u2014 he does really crazy things for her. I think he would be called a denial of the alpha male these days. He makes the worst decisions just to be with Manon. I think that is a mistake. I appreciate his love and devotion. However, he forgets himself. If he were alive today, he could leave this woman <\/span>saying: \u201cThank you very much, but I do not want anything to do with all this\u201d. After all, she had a bad influence on him! Des Grieux did not take the so-called red pill in time to wake up and realise that he should not sacrifice himself for a woman like Manon.<\/p>\n

It follows that love can be a truly destructive force.<\/b><\/p>\n

Yes, I absolutely think so. Des Grieux\u2019s love for Manon loses him \u2014 he actually destroys himself, and his possible choices negatively affect his family, although I do not think he is a bad person. Manon knows his weaknesses; she knows he is faithful and uses this to exercise her power over him in destructive ways.<\/p>\n

Is it easy to feel empathy for a character like des Grieux?<\/b><\/p>\n

I feel sorry for him. Against himself and despite his doubts, he tries to serve Manon. Not only does he want to be with her physically and emotionally but he also wants to assure her of his affection and does everything he can to make her happy. This situation is a huge burden for him. He would be much happier if their lives were simpler: devoid of excesses, if they lived in a small apartment and spent time eating and walking together. This model of relationship would bring him the greatest peace of heart. I think most men understand what I mean: at a certain age, what you really want is just peace and quiet. Spurts of passion are no longer the most important thing; what matters more is a sense of security, love, support and simply living together. This is one of the best things that can happen to you. However, I appreciate des Grieux\u2019s dedication; I would even say I understand it. Often, our own happiness depends on taking care of other people.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

You have already performed the role of the Chevalier des Grieux. Do you see an evolution of this character in your interpretation?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

About ten years ago, I made my debut in this role at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Capitole in Toulouse and I was partnered by the amazing singer Natalie Dessay, who was retiring <\/span>at the time. It was her last Manon, actually her last operatic role. We had quite a long rehearsal period and we sang six shows together, which were a huge success. I worked hard on this role and, of course, on my French \u2014 I wanted it to be perfect.<\/p>\n

I have to admit that after so many years of singing so many types of roles, I am still learning. Moreover, I also experienced a kind of enlightenment. I said to myself: \u201eAt this stage of life, you need both youthful lyricism, elegance and maturity\u201d. <\/i>You can already hear it in my voice today and it allows me to capture some of the more important moments of the piece more efficiently, to give the role much more depth.<\/i><\/p>\n

You grew up in Southern California. Your father is Sicilian and your mother is from Ecuador. To what extent does your background influence your approach to music?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

My parents came to the United States just a few years apart. My father was maybe sixteen, and so was my mother. They met and married in New York City, where I was born but, after a few years, we moved to California. A genetic longing for warm countries prevented him from enduring many cold New York winters. Interestingly, there are no musicians in my family at all. I do have a distant cousin who played the violin, <\/span>but that is all. My father often told a story about my grandfather, who had three daugh<\/span>ters and one son and always asked: <\/i>\u201eWhy don\u2019t I have one singer in my family? Even one? I love music and singing! Why aren\u2019t any of you singing?\u201d. <\/i>Unfortunately, he died before I was old enough to start my career so I hope he heard me from somewhere else, wherever he is now. Fortunately, my grandmother heard me sing at the Metropolitan Opera several times. There are no musicians on my mom\u2019s side of the family either so my whole musical adventure has been one big exploration, self-discovery. Ever since I was a kid, I have been performing and dancing. As a teenager, I played in a rock band and I loved to sing. When I discovered opera, I found that my voice naturally found its way into it. I had the same experience with another musical genre \u2014 rock\u2019n\u2019roll. I still love it! In music and singing, I follow my instincts, I draw from what is inside me, maybe it is destiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Let us go back to France for a moment. In your case, does the language in which you sing affect the difficulty of the role?<\/b><\/p>\n

I believe that language has a direct impact on the approach to singing. Some people say that it does not matter that you still sing the same, which is basically true. However, there are significant differences between, for example, Italian, French and German. <\/span>French was always the easiest language for me to sing and I was very concerned with correctness because I sang much French repertoire. I have also sung in France many times and have heard many times from colleagues, reviewers and directors that my <\/span>French is excellent. I find this language a little more subtle than others and not as difficult to pronounce as, for example, Italian.<\/p>\n

This is not your first performance in Wroclaw Opera. Do you like coming back here?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I love Wroclaw. I have had the opportunity to perform in several gala concerts here as well as in Tales of Hoffmann<\/i>. I really enjoyed that production. The role was very demanding, also in French, but I had a great time. The quality of the production and the work of the singers were of a very high standard, thanks in part to the artistic director. Mariusz Kwiecie\u0144 and I studied together in the Lindemann Young Artists Development Program at the Metropolitan Opera. He was the first Polish singer I met. He is very talented. I have great memories of our time studying together and we have remained good friends to this day. We have known each other for over twenty years! It was obvious for me to accept the proposal to perform at Wroc\u0142aw Opera. It is a great theatre with very good acoustics and Wroc\u0142aw itself is really charming and you have great food here\u2026 Wroc\u0142aw Opera <\/span>also has an excellent volume; you can play in great detail and people will notice it. You feel like you can take a chance and sing really pianissimo and give the full power of your voice when needed. It is a really comfortable place \u2014 great for trying out new roles. I am relaxed, calm and confident here. It is a pleasure to come back here!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gra\u0142 pan w Fau\u015bcie i w Opowie\u015bciach Hoffmanna, by\u0142 pan Romeo w Romeo i Julii Gounoda, Nadirem w Po\u0142awiaczach pere\u0142 Bizeta i Don Jos\u00e9 w Carmen, wreszcie Kawalerem des Grieux w Manon Masseneta. W czym tkwi duch opery francuskiej?\u00a0 Francuskie role dla tenorowych \u015bpiewak\u00f3w wyr\u00f3\u017cnia to, \u017ce zazwyczaj tassitura jest troch\u0119 wy\u017csza. Wyj\u0105tkowa pod tym […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1827"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1852,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1827\/revisions\/1852"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsletter.opera.wroclaw.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}